Reinforcing assemblies comprising reinforcement threads and a matrix; articles comprising such assemblies

ABSTRACT

A method of obtaining a reinforcing assembly comprising reinforcement threads and a solid matrix is characterized by the fact that reinforcement threads surrounded individually by a sheathing of organic material I and furthermore surrounded by another sheathing of organic material II are grouped together, by the fact that the material II is caused to migrate into voids between the threads sheathed with material I and by the fact that the material II is caused to solidify.

The present invention concerns assemblies comprising threads and amatrix in which such threads are arranged, these assemblies beingintended to reinforce articles, particularly articles of plasticmaterial or materials or of rubber material or materials.

Such assemblies can, for instance, form cables, bead rings or pliesintended to reinforce tubes, straps, conveyor belts or pneumatic tires.It is already known to produce these assemblies by arranging reinforcingthreads or assemblies of reinforcing threads within a matrix of plasticor rubber. Such methods are described, for instance, in the followingpatents:

French Pat. No. 731,314, British Pat. Nos. 424,526, 802,253, U.S. Pat.No. 3,522,139. These known methods have the following drawbacks:

either they require the use of costly and unreliable means formaintaining a fixed predetermined distance between the threads or threadassemblies within the matrix, for instance fabrics or clips;

or they do not permit the maintaining of this distance, which causes, onthe one hand, a variation in the geometrical shape of these assembliesand hence in nonuniform performance and, on the other hand, wear of thethreads or assemblies of threads between themselves as a result ofrubbing between the threads or assemblies of threads within the matrixand therefore damage to the articles which they reinforce.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate these drawbacks.Therefore, the method of the present invention of obtaining an assemblyintended to reinforce an article, the assembly having reinforcementthreads and a solid matrix in which these threads are arranged, ischaracterized by the following features:

(a) reinforcement threads surrounded individually by a sheathing oforganic material I and furthermore surrounded by another sheathing oforganic material II are grouped together;

(b) material II is caused to migrate into voids between the threadssheathed with material I so as to fill the voids with the material IIwhich is then in liquid or pasty state, the threads sheathed withmaterial I being grouped in such a manner that the sheathings ofmaterial I of two adjacent reinforcement threads are in contact witheach other at the end of the migration of material II;

(c) the material II is caused to solidify, it thus constituting thesolid matrix in which the threads sheathed with material I are arranged;

(d) during the migration and the solidification of the material II, thethreads and their sheathings of material I remain solid; and

(e) the material I adheres to the threads which it surrounds and to thematrix with which it is in contact.

The present invention also covers the assemblies obtained by thismethod.

The present invention also concerns an assembly intended to reinforce anarticle, the assembly, which comprises reinforcement threads and a solidmatrix in which these threads are arranged, being characterized by thefollowing features:

(a) each of these threads is surrounded individually with a solidsheathing of organic material I;

(b) these threads thus sheathed with material I are arranged in thesolid matrix;

(c) the solid matrix is an organic material obtained from a liquid orpasty organic material II which can solidify at a temperature at whichthe sheatings of material I and the reinforcement threads remain solid.

(d) the matrix fills voids between the threads sheathed with material I,these threads being grouped in such a manner that the sheathings ofmaterial I of two adjacent reinforcement threads are in contact witheach other; and (e) the material I adheres to the threads which itsurrounds and to the matrix with which it is in contact.

The present invention also concerns complex reinforcing assemblies eachof which comprises a plurality of assemblies in accordance with thepresent invention, as well as the methods of producing these complexassemblies.

The present invention also concerns articles comprising assemblies orcomplex assemblies in accordance with the invention.

By the expression "assembly having reinforcement threads", there isunderstood an assembly comprising independent reinforcement threads, forinstance a bundle of reinforcement threads and/or at least one windingof turns of a reinforcement thread, each winding turn being thenassimilated to a reinforcement thread.

The present invention will be easily understood from the non-limitativeexamples which follow and the entirely schematic figures referring tosaid examples.

In the drawing:

FIG. 1 shows in cross section a thread surrounded by a sheathing oforganic material I and a sheathing of organic material II;

FIG. 2 shows in cross section an assembly in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 3 shows in radial section a pneumatic tire having two bead rings,each of which is an assembly according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows, seen in side view, a device for producing the bead ringsshown in FIG. 3, this device comprising a drum;

FIGS. 5 and 6 each show in cross section a portion of the drum shown inFIG. 4;

FIG. 7 shows, seen in side view, another device for the production ofthe bead rings shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 8 shows in cross section a complex assembly according to theinvention;

FIG. 9 shows in cross section a cable which is another complex assemblyaccording to the invention;

FIG. 10 shows in cross section a double-sheathed strand used for theproduction of the cable shown in FIG. 9; and

FIG. 11 shows in cross section a reinforcement ply which is anothercomplex assembly in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a reinforcement thread 10 used to produce the assembly 100shown in FIG. 2, FIGS. 1 and 2 being sections taken perpendicular to theaxes of the threads 10 which are arranged parallel to each other in theassembly 100.

This thread 10 is surrounded by a sheathing 1 produced of an organicmaterial I, this sheathing 1 being directly in contact with the thread10, and by a sheathing 2 of organic material II, this sheathing 2 beingdirectly in contact with the the sheathing 1. The materials I and IIare, for instance, thermoplastic materials such that the melting pointof material I is higher than the melting point of material II.

For clarity in description, various superscripts and designations areused in connection with the thread 10, in the following manner:

the thread itself is marked 10;

the combination of the thread 10 and its solid sheathing 1 is called the"sheathed thread 10A";

the combination of the thread 10 and its solid sheathings 1, 2 is calledthe "sheathed thread 10B" (FIG. 1);

the combination of the thread 10, its solid sheathing 1 and a sheathingof liquid or pasty material II, for instance after the melting of thesheathing 2, is called "the sheathed thread 10C."

The sheathings 1 and 2 are produced, for instance, by means of twosuccessive extrusions around the thread 10, the first extrusion formingthe sheathing 1 and therefore the sheathed thread 10A and the secondextrusion producing the sheathing 2 and therefore the sheathed thread10B when the sheath 2 is solid, the material of the thread 10 remainingsolid when the materials I or II are in molten state.

These two extrusions can be effected batchwise, for instance with twoseparate apparatus, or else continuously, in particular with a singleapparatus having an extrusion head with two separate feeds for thematerials I and II. In all cases, the extrusion of the sheathing 2 overthe sheathing 1 must be effected when the material I is solid, that isto say the sheathing 2 must be extruded over the sheathed thread 10A.

The assembly 100 comprises a plurality of threads 10A, that is to say aplurality of threads 10 each enclosed individually in a sheathing 1, anda solid matrix 3 in which the sheathed threads 10A are arranged. Thismatrix 3 is formed by the material II of the sheathings 2 which havebeen previously described.

The assembly 100 is produced, for instance, in the following manner: Thematerial II of the sheathing 2 is melted while the sheathing 1 ismaintained in solid state so as to obtain the sheathed thread 10C. Thisoperation can be carried out, for instance, by passing the sheathedthread 10B into a furnace or tunnel which is heated in such a mannerthat the temperature reached by the material II is greater than themelting point of the material II but less than the melting point ofmaterial I. The heating can be effected by any known means, for instanceby infrared rays. Several threads 10C, each formed by a thread 10surrounded by the solid sheathing 1 and the molten material II, are thengrouped by placing them against each other and the migration produced ofthe molten material II into the voids between the sheathed threads 10Ain such a manner as to fill the voids with the liquid or pasty materialII while the material I remains solid during this migration. Thismigration is obtained, for instance, by a pressure exerted on thethreads 10C.

Cooling is then effected and the material II solidifies to form thematrix 3. One thus obtains the finished assembly 100. As a result of themethod previously described, the threads 10 remain separate from eachother since the solid sheathings 1 avoid any direct contact between thethreads 10 during the production of the assembly 100. The sheathings 1of two adjacent threads 10A are in contact with each other, that is tosay the distance between two adjacent threads 10 is constant and equalto 2e, e being the thickness of each solid sheathing 1, the sheathedthreads 10A being thus in contact with each other. It is easy to selectthe thickness "e" (FIG. 1), that is to say the thickness of thesheathing 1, such as to assure a given distance 2e between two adjacentthreads 10, and it is easy also to select the amount of material II forthe sheathings 2 such that after fusion the material II fills the voidsbetween the sheathed threads 10A, that is to say between the sheathings1 which serve as a sort of wedge between the threads 10 upon theproduction of the assembly 100. In the finished assembly 100, the matrix3 therefore fills all the spaces between the sheathed threads 10A. Theamount of material II is determined by the thickness "a" of thesheathing 2 (FIG. 1), with due consideration of the diameter of thesheathed thread 10A.

The method of the invention makes it possible to obtain in simple andeconomic manner, a given geometrical shape for the assembly 100, with aconstant distance between the threads 10 which are without directcontact with each other due to the sheathings 1. In this way, uniformperformance is obtained for this assembly 100, avoiding the risk of wearof the threads against each other.

The threads 10 may be made of a metal material such as steel or of anon-metallic material, for example an inorganic material such as glass,or an organic material such as a polyester, a non-aromatic polyamide oran aromatic polyamide. The invention also makes it possible to avoidcorrosion when the threads 10 consist of metal.

The organic materials I and II may be other than thermoplastic; thus,for example, at least one of these materials may be a vulcanizable orcurable material, for instance a rubber or a curable resin, for instancea phenolic resin or an epoxy resin, the material II upon the productionof the assembly 100 being in liquid or pasty state prior tovulcanization or curing so as to migrate between the sheathed threads10A, and the vulcanization or curing of the material II being thencaused, giving the solid matrix 3.

When it is in contact with the material II, the material I must remainsolid, but it may, for instance, be a resin which was cured before theproduction of the assembly 100.

When the materials I and/or II are not thermoplastic, their chemicalcomposition may vary between the time when the coating of the sheathings1 and/or 2 is effected and the time when these sheathings are solid. Inany event, at the time of the production of the assembly 100 thetemperature at which the material II is when it is in liquid or pastystate must be such that the materials of the thread 10 and of thesheathing 1 remain solid and do not suffer any substantialdeterioration, the material II being therefore able to solidify at atemperature at which the material I and the thread 10 remain solid.

It is preferable to use two thermoplastic materials I and II aspreviously described, since the manner of operation is very simple andpermits rapid rates of manufacture for the production of the assembly100.

The materials I and/or II may each comprise several organic materials,for instance a mixture of polymers, and they may contain inorganicmaterials, for instance fillers and various adjuvants.

It is furthermore possible to select the moduli of the threads 10 andmaterials I, II such as to permit a good distribution of the stresses inthe assembly 100 upon its use.

Furthermore, in order to permit a good distribution of the stresses inthe assembly 100, it is necessary that the material I adhere to thethreads 10 and to the matrix 3.

FIG. 3 shows in radial section an article employing two assembliesaccording to the invention, this article being a pneumatic tire. Thistire 5 has a crown 6, two sidewalls 7 and two beads 8. Each bead 8 isreinforced by a bead ring 9 which is formed by the assembly 100according to the invention, shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 3, forsimplification of the drawing, each thread 10 together with itssheathing 1 is represented by a dot. A carcass 11 joins the bead rings 9together, being wound around the bead rings in known manner. The tire 5is mounted on the rim 12.

Preferably in each bead ring 9 the ratio between the extension modulusof each thread 10 and the compression modulus of the material I is atleast equal to 1 and at most equal to 300, and the materials I and IIpreferably have substantially the same compression modulus in each beadring 9. The moduli are determined at 20° C.

EXAMPLE 1

By way of example, each bead ring 9 has the following features:

threads 10: steel wires, these wires each having a modulus of extensionof 20,000 daN/mm² ; diameter of each wire: 1 mm; number of wires in thebead ring: 16, the bead ring having a square cross section with fourlayers of four wires each (FIG. 2);

sheathing 1: thickness "e": 0.5 mm; material I: polyamide 66; meltingpoint of material I: 255° C.; compression modulus of material I: 320daN/mm² ; the wires 10 are preheated before the production of thesheathing 1 in manner known per se in order to cause good adherencebetween the wires 10 and the material I;

initial sheathing 2, before the production of the matrix 3: thickness"a" in solid state: 0.13 mm; material II: polyamide 6; melting point ofmaterial II: 220° C.; compression modulus of material II: 290 daN/mm² ;

distance between adjacent wires 10: 1 mm (2e) in each layer and from onelayer to the next;

materials I and II have good adherence to each other, since they areboth polyamides.

The geometrical values and the moduli indicated above for the bead rings9 are determined at 20° C.

The sheathings 1 and 2 around the wires 10 are produced by doubleextrusion, as described above.

Each bead ring 9 is produced by a method which employs the apparatus 20shown in FIG. 4. This apparatus 20 comprises a spool 21, a heatingtunnel 22 and a drum 23. The sheathed wire 10B comprising the solidsheathings 1 and 2 is wound on the spool 21. This sheathed wire 10B isunwound in the direction indicated by the arrow F in order to cause itto pass through the tunnel 22 and wind it onto the drum 23. Aspreviously described, the heating tunnel 22 permits the melting of thematerial II while the material I remains solid so as to obtain thesheathed wire 10C, which is then wound onto the drum 23.

FIG. 5 shows a portion of the cross section of the drum 23 along a planepassing through the axis of rotation of the drum 23, the axis beingschematically indicated by the letter O in FIG. 4, the cross section ofFIG. 5 being indicated schematically by the straight line V--V in FIG.4. The groove 24 has a longitudinal orientation on the drum 23 and itscross section in FIG. 5 has a rectangular shape, this groove 24 having acylindrical bottom 25 and two sidewalls 26, 27. The cylinder 25 has thesame axis of rotation O as the drum 23 and the sidewalls 26, 27 arecylindrical crowns of axis of rotation O and flat shape, the planes ofthese crowns 26, 27 being perpendicular to the axis O. The winding ofthe sheathed wire 10C is effected in the groove 24 in four superposedlayers of four turns each. The pressure exerted on the assembly of theseturns by the walls 25, 26, 27 during the winding permits the filling ofthe voids between the sheathed wires 10A by the liquid material II, thematerial I of the sheathing 1 remaining solid, and the groove 24 servingas mold due to its walls 25, 26, 27. The heating resistors 28 make itpossible to maintain the material II at a temperature above the meltingpoint of material II and below the melting point of material I. By wayof example, the temperature of material II in the tunnel 22 and in thegroove 24 is about 245° C. When 16 turns have been brought together bywinding in the groove 24, the sheathed wire 10C is cut and the drum 23is allowed to cool so as to cause the solidification of the material IIand thus obtain the bead ring 9.

The drum 23 is formed of two parts 29, 30 the juncture plane 31 ofwhich, perpendicular to the axis O, extends to the cylindrical face 25.These parts are connected together by bolts 32 which pass through theseparts, the clamping being effected by nuts 33 arranged on the ends ofthe bolts 32. When the material II has solidified, the drum 23 is takenapart by unscrewing the nuts 33 and removing the bolts 32, which makesit possible to separate the parts 29, 30 and to remove the bead ring 9from the groove 24. The drum 23 can then be reassembled by placing theparts 29, 30 together for the production of another bead ring 9.

EXAMPLE 2

The following example permits a comparison of two series of pneumatictires. The first series comprises six tires whose bead rings are not inaccordance with the present invention and the second series comprisessix tires whose bead rings are in accordance with the present invention,each tire having two bead rings.

All the tires are radial tires of size 175×14, the tires of the firstseries differing from the tires of the second series only by the beadrings.

Each bead ring not in accordance with the present invention is producedby using a steel wire of a diameter of 1 mm, this wire being surroundedby a single sheathing of polyamide 6, the thickness of this sheathing insolid state being 0.1 mm. This wire is used in the apparatus 20previously described in such a manner as to melt the sheathing and wind18 turns of the wire in the groove 24. The melted polyamide 6 then formsa matrix in which the 18 turns of the steel wire, which then does nothave an individual sheathing, are arranged, the assembly of the matrixand turns constituting a bead ring.

Each bead ring in accordance with the present invention is made by usingthe sheathed wire 10B previously described, having the followingcharacteristics:

wire 10: identical to the steel wire used to make the bead rings not inaccordance with the invention;

sheathing 1: thickness "e": 0.025 mm; material I: polyamide 66;

sheathing 2: thickness "a": 0.075 mm; material II: polyamide 6 identicalto the polyamide 6 used for the bead rings not in accordance with theinvention.

The thicknesses "e" and "a" are determined for solid sheathings 1 and 2.

The materials I and II have the same characteristics as previouslydescribed in Example 1, namely:

Material I (polyamide 66): melting point: 255° C.; compression modulus:320 daN/mm² ;

Material II (polyamide 6): melting point: 220° C.; compression modulus:290 daN/mm² ;

The geometrical values and the moduli given previously for these beadrings are determined at 20° C. Each bead ring according to the presentinvention is made in the manner previously described by the method ofthe present invention in the apparatus 20 by winding 18 turns, as in thecase of the bead rings not in accordance with the invention.

All the bead rings have the same outside geometrical dimensions and eachof them comprises a stack of five layers of wires, the layers of ordersone, three and five each having four turns and the layers of orders twoand four each having three turns, the order of the layers correspondingto the order of the stacking.

Each tire is subjected to the same test, which consists in mounting thetire on its rim and inflating the tire with water under pressure untilthe tire bursts by the rupturing of at least one bead ring, noting thepressure of the water which causes such bursting. It is found that thetires of the first series having bead rings not in accordance with thepresent invention burst at an average water pressure of 15.3 bars,whereas the tires of the second series having bead rings according tothe present invention burst at an average water pressure of 16.1 bars,the average water pressure in each series being the arithmetic mean ofthe water pressures corresponding to the bursting.

The bead rings in accordance with the present invention therefore permitan increase in strength of 5%. One can therefore, for instance, decreasethe number of turns in the bead rings of the present invention whilehaving the same strength as the known bead rings. In the exampleselected this decrease corresponds to one turn per bead ring, namely alength of 1.2 m. This decrease results in a lowering in weight and asaving in material and energy upon manufacture and therefore a lowercost. In addition to these advantages for tires having bead ringsaccording to the present invention there are the following additionaladvantages upon travel: Uniform performance as a result of the regularshape of the bead rings with constant space between the threads andabsence of wear of the threads since they are not in direct contact,that is to say an increase in the life.

It goes without saying that several turns of sheathed threads 10C couldbe wound simultaneously in the groove 24, for instance, by using severalspools 21 at the same time. The method previously described for themanufacture of the bead ring 9 is simple and rapid and it furthermorehas the advantage of permitting a large variety of shapes of bead ringby varying the shape of the groove in which the turns of the sheathedthread 10C are wound.

FIG. 6 shows by way of example another groove 40 of the drum 23, FIG. 6being a section taken in a manner similar to FIG. 5. The complex shapeof this groove 40 is without plane of symmetry and comprises a pocket 41and a neck 42. The winding of turns of sheathed wire 10C in this groove40 makes it possible to obtain a bead ring 43 whose complex shape can bejustified by a complex distribution of the stresses within the pneumatictire within which this bead ring is contained.

By way of example, the neck 42 is entirely on one side of the plane 31,in the part 29 of the drum 23, and the part 30 of this drum 23 has tworemovable portions 30A, 30B.

The portion 30A which is radially outward with respect to the axis O ofthe drum 23 has a flat wall 301 parallel to the wall 26 of the part 29,the wall 301 defining the neck 42, and a wall 302 which is a cylinder ofrevolution with axis O, this wall 302 defining the pocket 41 and beingin contact with the radially inner portion 30B whose wall 27 laterallylimits the pocket 41. One starts by removing the portion 30A in order towind the turns of thread 10C corresponding to the pocket 41 and theportion 30A is then placed back against the portion 30B in order to winda reduced number of turns of thread 10C so as to produce the neck 42.

FIG. 7 shows another device for the carrying out of the method of thepresent invention. This device 50 is distinguished from the device 20previously described by the fact that the double sheathing of the thread10 with the materials I, II and the production of each bead ring 9 areeffected continuously. The thread 10 is introduced into the extrusionhead 51 into which the material I is first caused to arrive, thisarrival being schematically indicated by the arrow F_(I), followed bythe material II, this arrival being schematically indicated by the arrowF_(II). The sheathed thread emerging from the extrusion head 51 is suchthat the material II is in liquid or pasty state and the material I insolid state, that is to say it is the sheathed thread 10C. This sheathedthread 10C moves, in the direction of the arrow F, into the heatingtunnel 22 in order to maintain the material II in liquid or pasty state,whereupon the sheathed thread 10C is wound on the drum 23, as previouslydescribed. It goes without saying that the drum 23 could be arrangeddirectly at the outlet of the extrusion head 51, the device 50 beingthen without tunnel 22. The continuous sheathing could also be effectedonly partially, for instance by starting with threads 10A andcontinuously effecting the sheathing of these threads 10A with thematerial II and the formation of the bead ring 9.

Each bead ring may, if desired, comprise materials other than thethreads 10 and the materials I, II. Thus, for instance, this bead ring 9can be formed of the assembly 100 and of a rubber jacket arranged aroundthis assembly, the vulcanizing of this jacket taking place in particularwhen the bead ring is arranged in the tire 5, so as to facilitate theadherence between the bead ring and the part of the tire with which thebead ring is in contact.

The present invention covers cases in which a plurality of assembliesare produced and connected together to form a complex assembly. FIG. 8,for example, shows a section through a complex assembly 60 formed of twoassemblies 100 such as previously described which have been connectedtogether by a material 61. This material 61 may be identical or not tothe organic material II. Such a complex assembly could be produced alsoby directly placing two assemblies 100 alongside of each other thecontact surfaces of which having been heated so as to cause the materialII to melt.

The present invention covers cases in which the assemblies according tothe present invention form reinforcement cables or reinforcement plies.

FIG. 9 shows, for instance, a section through a cable 70 according tothe present invention formed of a complex assembly comprising threesheathed strands 71 arranged in an organic solid matrix 72, each ofthese sheathed strands 71 being an assembly in accordance with theinvention. Each sheathed strand 71 is formed, on the one hand, by astrand 73 itself formed of three sheathed threads 10A and, on the otherhand, by a solid matrix 3 within which the strand 73 is arranged. Eachsheathed thread 10A is formed, as previously described, of a thread 10surrounded by a solid sheath 1 of material I.

Each sheathed strand 71 is made by the method in accordance with thepresent invention, for instance in the following manner. First of all,three sheathed threads 10C are produced, each formed, as previouslydescribed, of a sheathed thread 10A surrounded by a sheathing 2 ofliquid or pasty organic material II. These three sheathed threads 10Care then twisted together in order to obtain a strand 73, the materialII being still in liquid or pasty state, which makes it possible to fillall the voids between the sheathed threads 10A and to surround thesesheathed threads 10A, the sheathings 1 remaining solid. The material IIis then solidified in order to obtain the matrix 3 which surrounds thestrand 73 the sheathed threads 10A of which are in contact with eachother, the matrix 3 filling all the voids between these sheathed threads10A.

During all the operations described above in which materials I and IIare in contact with each other, material II is always at a temperaturesuch that the threads 10 and the material I are solid and sufferpractically no degradation.

Three assemblies 74 are then produced by individually surrounding eachsheathed strand 71 with another sheathing 75 of organic material III inliquid or pasty state. Such a double-sheathed strand 74 is shown incross section in FIG. 10. Three assemblies 74 are then twisted togetherin order to combine them, the material III being still in liquid orpasty state so as to permit the migration of the material III into allthe voids between the sheathed strands 71. The material III is thensolidified in order to obtain the solid matrix 72 which surrounds thesheathed strands 71 and fills all the voids between the sheathed strandswhich are in contact with each other.

During all the operations described above in which each matrix 3 and thematerial III are in contact with each other, the material III is alwaysat a temperature such that the material I of the sheaths 1 and thematerial II of the matrices 3 remain solid and undergo practically nodegradation. One thus obtains the cable 70 formed of the three sheathedstrands 71 and the matrix 72. This cable 70 is such that thereinforcement threads 10 retain a fixed position with respect to theother in each strand 73, due to the sheathings 1 and the matrix 3, andthat the strands 73 retain a fixed position with respect to each otherdue to the matrices 3, 72 without there being any direct contact betweenthe threads 10 due to the sheathings 1, and without there being any voidbetween the threads 10 or between the strands 73. The cable 70 thereforepermits uniform performance without wear of the threads 10 by directcontact with each other and without corrosion of these threads 10 whenthey consist of metal. The material III adheres to the material II andthe material I adheres to the threads 10 and to the material II.

This cable 70 can serve, for instance, to reinforce a tube, a strap, aconveyor belt or a pneumatic tire.

The material III can, for instance, be a thermoplastic material or avulcanizable or curable material, this material III being capable ofsolidifying at a temperature at which materials I and II remain solid.

If the materials I, II and III are all thermoplastic materials one thenhas the relationship:

    T.sub.FI >T.sub.FII >T.sub.FIII

T_(FI) representing the melting point of material I, T_(FII)representing the melting point of material II and T_(FIII) representingthe melting point of material III. One can contemplate further stepsemploying other matrices of organic materials for instance in order toproduce cables each consisting of several cables 70. The use andsolidification of each of these materials is then effected attemperatures such that the organic materials of the previous stepsremain solid and experience practically no degradation, each of theseorganic materials adhering to the other organic material or materialswith which it is in contact.

FIG. 11 shows in cross section a reinforcement ply according to theinvention. This ply 80 is a complex assembly formed of sheathed strands71 such as previously described, arranged in a solid organic matrix 81.This ply 80 is, for instance, obtained in a manner similar to the cable70 previously described, with the difference that the assemblies 74formed by sheathed strands 71 surrounded by their additional sheathing75 of material III are arranged in such a manner as to be located in twosuperimposed layers 82, 83 without the sheathed strands 71 being twistedtogether. In each layer 82, 83 of the ply 80, all the axes of thestrands 73 are parallel to each other and have an orientation differentfrom that of the axes of the strands 73 of the other layer 83, 82, thatis to say, these layers are crossed, the sheathed strands 71 being incontact with each other via their sheathings 3 in each layer 82, 83 andfrom one of these layers to the other. For the sake of the clarity ofthe drawing, the axes of the strands 73 have not been shown in FIG. 11.

The ply 80 is used, for instance, as reinforcement ply for the crown 6of the tire 5 shown in FIG. 3, the sheathed strands 71 being representedby circles in this figure. The material III is, for instance, anunvulcanized rubber the vulcanization of which is brought about withinthe tire 5 so as to obtain the matrix 81. The advantages of the ply 80are similar to those previously described for the cable 70, that is tosay, in particular, the threads 10 remain separate from each other at afixed distance apart in each strand 73, without the risk of wear byrubbing and without risk of corrosion when the threads 10 are of metal,with uniform performance for all these strands 73.

In the method of the present invention it is necessary that each thread10 be covered individually by a sheathing of organic material I so as toobtain a sheathed thread 10A in order to assure a given minimum distancebetween the adjacent threads 10, but the matrices in which thesesheathed threads 10A are arranged can be made by simultaneouslysheathing together a plurality of sheathed threads 10A or severalassemblies of sheathed threads 10A. Thus, for instance, the matrix 3 ofthe assemblies 100, 71 can be made by surrounding several sheathedthreads 10A or all sheathed threads 10A of each of these assemblies withsame common sheathing of material II.

However, it is preferable to sheathe each sheathed thread 10A or eachassembly according to the present invention of these sheathed threadsindividually with the matrix-forming material as described in theexamples or to sheathe individually at least a part of these threads orof these assemblies, in order to permit, in each case, a good migrationof the material of these sheathings into all the voids, and thisparticularly because the sheathed threads 10A or the assemblies of thesesheathed threads contact each other since the voids between the sheathedthreads or between these assemblies are then in the form of channelswhich are difficultly accessible for the matrix-forming material.

It should be noted, furthermore, that the threads sheathed withmaterials I and II can easily be stored, for instance, on spools, thesheathings being then in particular solid. It is then sufficient toeffect the grouping of these threads, the material II being in liquid orpasty state, so as to permit the production of an assembly in accordancewith the present invention. Similarly, it is possible to store anassembly according to the present invention, for instance the assembly74 having a solid sheathing 75 and to produce a complex assembly, forinstance the cable 70, by grouping these assemblies 74, the material IIIbeing in liquid or pasty state.

The passage into liquid or pasty state of the material II, for instanceits fusion, can be caused after the grouping of the sheathed threads, inparticular by heating a bundle of threads sheathed with solid materialsI and II, this heating being effected, for instance, with the use of thereinforcement threads themselves, in particular by passing an electriccurrent through them, but it is preferable that the material II be inliquid or pasty state before the threads sheathed with materials I andII are grouped together for reasons of a saving of energy, speed ofmanufacture and facilitation of the migration of the material II.

The sheathing of the reinforcement threads with the materials I and IIcan be effected by methods other than extrusion, for instance by dippingor by spraying.

It should also be noted that the reinforcement threads may be subjectedto treatment before being covered by the sheathing of material I, forinstance a sizing treatment in order to improve the adherence betweenthe thread and the organic material.

The above remarks concerning the sheathing and the production of thematrix of the assemblies in accordance with the present invention applyto the complex assemblies in accordance with the present invention.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments whichhave been described above.

What is claimed is:
 1. A pneumatic tire reinforced by an assembly, theassembly having reinforcement threads and a solid matrix in which thesethreads are arranged, being characterized by the following features:(a)each of these threads is surrounded individually with a solid sheathingof thermoplastic material I; (b) these threads thus sheathed withmaterial I are arranged in the solid matrix; (c) the solid matrix is anorganic material obtained from a liquid or pasty thermoplastic materialII which can solidify at a temperature at which the sheathings ofmaterial I and the reinforcement threads remain solid, the melting pointof material I being higher than the melting point of material II; (d)the matrix fills voids between the threads sheathed with material I,these threads being grouped in such a manner that the sheathings ofmaterial I of two adjacent reinforcement threads are in contact witheach other; and (e) the material I adheres to the threads which itsurrounds and to the matrix with which it is in contact.
 2. A pneumatictire according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the materialsI and II are formed at least in part of polyamides.
 3. A pneumatic tireaccording to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the material I isformed at least in part of a polyamide 66 and the material II is formedat least in part of a polyamide
 6. 4. A pneumatic tire according toclaim 1, characterized by the fact that the ratio between the extensionmodulus of each reinforcement thread and the compression modulus of thematerial I is at least equal to 1 and at most equal to 300, these modulibeing determined at 20° C.
 5. A pneumatic tire according to claim 1,characterized by the fact that the materials I and II have substantiallythe same compression modulus, determined at 20° C.
 6. A tire accordingto claim I characterized by the fact that the assembly is a bead ring, acable or a ply.
 7. A pneumatic tire reinforced by a complex assembly,said complex assembly comprising at least two assemblies connectedtogether, each of said assemblies having reinforcement threads and asolid matrix in which these threads are arranged and being characterizedby the following features:(a) each of these threads is surroundedindividually with a solid sheathing of thermoplastic material I; (b)these threads thus sheathed with material I are arranged in the solidmatrix; (c) the solid matrix is an organic material obtained from aliquid or pasty thermoplastic material II which can solidify at atemperature at which the sheathings of material I and the reinforcementthreads remain solid, the melting point of material I being higher thanthe melting point of material II; (d) the matrix fills voids between thethreads sheathed with material I, these threads being grouped in such amanner that the sheathings of material I of two adjacent reinforcementthreads are in contact with each other; and (e) the material I adheresto the threads which it surrounds and to the matrix with which it is incontact.
 8. A pneumatic tire according to claim 7, characterized by thefact that the assemblies which it comprises are arranged in a matrix oforganic material which fills the voids between the assemblies, theorganic material being obtained from an organic material III which cansolidify at a temperature at which the sheathings of material I, thematrices of material II and the reinforcement threads of theseassemblies remain solid.
 9. A tire according to claim 7 characterized bythe fact that the complex assembly is a bead ring, a cable or a ply.